helium liquefier and recovery system ensures a reliable supply of liquid 4
using pumped liquid 3 He -4
He. Further cryostat cooling is performed He (to 300 mK), 3
He dilution
refrigerators (to 2 mK), or nuclear demagnetisation (to well below 100K). High magnetic fields are available from 2 superconducting solenoids (up to 8 tesla).
The department has state of the art molecular beam epitaxy facilities and specially equipped clear room labs for fabrication and study of III-V semiconductor nanostructures and devices. Characterisation facilities include a field- emission-gun SEM with e-beam lithography, x-ray diffraction, a suite of multifunctional scanning probe microscopy instruments, picosecond lasers covering visible and mid-IR range, (low temperature) photo and electro- luminescence magnetic fields up to 17 T and state of the art radio-frequency analytical equipment from kHz to 100 GHz range.
Provision of computing facilities includes Linux workstations used by the Particle Physics Group and a large £1.1M Beowulf-class computer for the Condensed Matter Theoretical Group. These are supplemented by powerful central facilities within the University computer services. Fast network links allow the use of regional and national supercomputers. Many of the experimental facilities have on-line computer links for control and data acquisition.
Some postgraduate students may have the opportunity to undertake part of their research work abroad in another EC country, under the EU student mobility scheme SOCRATES. Others may spend periods working at CERN, Geneva, Fermilab, Chicago, or Kamioka/Tokai (Japan), Berlin, ETH Zurich.
TAUGHT COURSES
MSc in Biophotonics Please see entry under Lancaster Environment Centre.
RESEARCH DEGREES We welcome applications from those seeking to perform research for the degrees of MPhil or PhD. Research opportunities are available within each of our research areas.
202 Science and Technology
MPhil/PhD
Entry Requirements: Applicants should hold at least an upper second-class BSc or MPhys honours degree, or its equivalent, in a relevant subject. Assessment: Original research and thesis. IELTS: 6.5 Funding: EPSRC, STFC - see also page 213. Further Information:
www.lancs.ac.uk/depts/physics
RESEARCH AREAS Our research is concentrated within the broad areas of elementary particle physics and cosmology, and condensed matter physics. It covers both theoretical and experimental aspects, grouped under Elementary Particle Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, and Theoretical Physics.
There is also extensive and vigorous cross-divisional activity in which complementary expertise from widely differing areas of physics is brought to bear on important problems of topical interest, e.g. studies of new materials such as graphene and molecular nanowires, cosmological experiments in liquid helium, nonlinear dynamics of biological rhythm and IR spectroscopy and nanoscale probe microscopy of biological objects.
EXPERIMENTAL ELEMENTARY PARTICLE
PHYSICS Research here involves study of the interaction forces between quarks and leptons providing insight not only into the composition of ordinary matter but also into the development of the early Universe following the Big Bang. The high particle energies needed are only available at large international accelerator laboratories such as those at CERN (Geneva) and Fermilab (USA) where our research is concentrated.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC, CERN) Profs R W L Jones, G Hughes, Drs G V Borissov, E V Bouhova-Thacker, J Catmore, A Chilingarov, H Fox, R C W Henderson, V Kartvelishvili, M Smizanska and J Walder. The LHC is scheduled to begin data-taking soon at CERN. It will allow protons to collide and interact at 14 TeV, an unprecedentedly high energy. Lancaster participates in one of the two general-purpose detectors as part of the ATLAS
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