186
Experimental Elementary Particle Physics
detector’. This is essential for measuring the neutrino beam flux and
Research here involves study of the interaction forces between quarks
energy spectrum and for studying background processes important
and leptons providing insight not only into the composition of
for the electron neutrino observation measurement. Please see our
ordinary matter but also into the development of the early Universe
website for further information.
following the Big Bang. The high particle energies needed are only
available at large international accelerator laboratories such as those at
Accelerator Science and Technology (Daresbury, UK)
CERN (Geneva) and Fermilab (USA) where our research is concentrated.
Profs P N Ratoff and S Chattopadhyay, Drs A J Finch and R Seviour.
The work is centred on the activities of the Cockcroft Institute and
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC, CERN)
currently involves the development of new materials for RF cavities,
Profs R W L Jones, G Hughes, Drs G V Borissov, E V Bouhova-
design studies for a polarized positron source for an e
+
e
-
linear collider,
Thacker, J Catmore, A Chilingarov, H Fox, R C W Henderson, and theory (see also Electromagnetism, Geometry and Gravity).
V Kartvelishvili, M Smizanska and J Walder.
The LHC is scheduled to begin data-taking soon at CERN. It will Condensed Matter Physics
allow protons to collide and interact at 14 TeV, an unprecedentedly Equipment for the research includes an MBE machine, several
high energy. Lancaster participates in one of the two general- dilution refrigerators including the world’s best-performing one
purpose detectors as part of the ATLAS Collaboration. We lead the (designed and built in Lancaster), nuclear demagnetization cryostats
B-physics studies, which will investigate the origin of CP violation. for experiments below 2 K, a helium isotopic separation plant
Lancaster also plays a leading role in the development of computing producing the purest
4
He in the world, evaporators, sputtering units,
for ATLAS, and worldwide computing Grids. We continue to nanoindenters, mass spectrometers, diffusion furnaces to 1100ºC,
investigate semiconducting tracking detectors for the high radiation the UK’s principal liquid-phase-epitaxy preparation system, class-100
levels in ATLAS, both to predict and minimize the loss of performance clean rooms for semiconductor device processing and laser-Doppler
of the existing detector and to design a new detector for the systems for blood flow measurements.
proposed high-luminosity upgrade. Please see our website for
further information. Microkelvin Physics
Profs G R Pickett, S N Fisher, A M Guénault (Emeritus), Drs I Bradley,
The Tevatron Collider (Fermilab, USA) R P Haley, R Schanen, P Skyba and V Tsepelin.
Prof P N Ratoff, Drs I A Bertram, G V Borissov, H Fox, A Sopczak We study new exotic phenomena in superfluid
3
He at the lowest
and M Williams. achievable temperatures using a cluster of dedicated nuclear
This group is working on the DZERO experiment at the 2 TeV refrigerators which are arguably the best in the world. We use NMR
proton- antiproton collider. It will be the world’s highest energy to study superfluid
3
He and probe the coupled spin and orbital
particle accelerator until the start-up of the LHC. Our contributions dynamics of the superfluid state while quasiparticle beam experiments
include world-leading measurements of B-physics (including the first allow us to study unconventional (Andreev) ballistics and quantum
direct evidence for matter-antimatter mixing in the Bs system), major turbulence. We investigate the properties of the interface between
contributions to the DZERO track reconstruction software a major the two quantum phases (the A and B phases of superfluid
3
He)
role in the production of simulated data with our 400-processor PC which provides the most coherent phase boundary to which we have
farm. Please see our website for further information. experimental access, throwing light on fundamental properties of
phase transitions.
T2K Neutrino Oscillations (Kamioka/Tokai, Japan)
Prof P N Ratoff, Drs I A Bertram, A Chilingarov, A J Finch, Since the superfluid
3
He wavefunction closely mimics the structure of
A Hatzikoutelis and L Kormos.
spacetime, all these experiments have cosmological implications. We
This project entails the possibility of observing CP violation in the
were recently highlighted by ISI Essential Science Indicators as the
neutrino sector. The Lancaster group is building the downstream
most prolific experimental group in superfluidity worldwide. Please
module of the electromagnetic calorimeter which is part of the ‘near
see our website for further information.
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