Metal Bellows Correctedn 7/11/00 3:49 PM Page 54
-––
[
HOW TO SPECIFY A
SPECIAL
NOTE
STEP
Identify the style (AU for Dual
If a non-standard flange
2
unrestrained, AUT for Dual Tied,
rating is required or a
AUH for Dual Hinged, and AUG
non-standard weld end
STEP
for Dual Gimbal) using the illustrations at
thickness is required or if
Universal expansion joints are specified
1
the top of each data page.
the fittings are non-
with a part number that starting with
standard materials, those
the nominal pipe size. If the part is
See applications descriptions on
preferences must be
metric, the pipe size should have an “M” suffix
pages 10 to 13.
stated along with the part
so that all units are in metric(millimeters and
ces in the piping
consist of two bellows separated by a pipe spool. This configurationession and
extension and angular
axial comprare devices which produce no pressure thrust forst, the expansion joint can accept
bar). Go the data page that shows the size
ansion JointsUniversal AU Expansion Jointsmovements, in addition to
–-–
large lateralPressure Balanced Expaccommodates
ATIONS and
angular system on the main anchors. In addition to eliminating the pressure thru
number.
-––
deflection. These expansion joints have no restraints to resist pressure thrust and like the singles, the
[]APPLIC
extension, lateralession and axial compression, axial extension, lateral and angular movements. The balancing thrust is created by using a
Axial compr piping designer must provide separate anchoring to handle pressure thrust. f a single or double bellows in theeONS (CONTINU
ED)
have one bellows. balancing bellows. . Tie rods attach thAPPLICATI e tie rods
have a single bellows with overall length are expansion joints which can consist oSingle Expansion Joints AS ced Elbows ng bellows
ansion Joints AH
required for a universal expansion joint.
movement can be accommodated. These expansion joints do not restrain the internal pressure thrust. TheHinged Exp Pressure Balan
vice, the balanci
hinge hardware designed to accommodate pressure thrust. Amovement in a sin
gle plane. ces. However, the
piping designer must provide the system with separate anchoring and guiding to resist the pressure thrust.restrained by s angular flow section, and a balancing bellows of equal area on the back side of the elbowce. If the flow bellows compresses in ser ressure
Where small thermal movements are involved and proper anchoring and guiding is feasible, a singlehinged expansion joint allow outboard end of the balancing bellows to the outboard end of the flow bellows. Under pressure thre thrust for l movements andare loaded with the pressu
expansion joint is the most economical installation. UNIVERSAL AU
HINGED AH extends the same amount without exposing the adjacent anchors to pressure thrust forcontain two
ession, axial extension, lateraaxial compr
have two bellows separated by a pipe spool with overall length ied, AUT Expansion Jointsspring forces associated with bellows movements are imposed on the adjacent equipment. A pint can acceptUniversal T
balanced elbow type expansion joular motion.ce. These expansion . A universal expansion joint can be
Universal Hinged
AUH Expansion Joints
movements in bellows separated by a pipe spool and tie rods designed tovery limited anglarge lateral ces on adjacent equipment. A two tie rod
restrained by hinge hardware designed to contain pressure thrust. A int accepts contain pressure the pressure thrust for ce to minimize forces.
hinged universal expansion jo joints are generally designed to accommodate lateral movement onlyy low lateral spring for very low spring for
a single plane with designed to have a ver angular
deflection in a single plane.
TINED AS design can also accept
SINGLE UNRESTRA
The tie rods are usually at or near ambient temperatures and, therefore, do not expand and contract as aced into the bellows as an axial movement. The bellows design must
UH function of the temperature of the media within the pipe. As a result, the thermal expansion of the length of
UNIVERSAL HINGED A pipe between the tie rod end plates is for
y low reaction loads on the adjacentvements are inaccommodate this axial thermal expansion as well as the specified lateral movement.s if the mo
y large movements with vermodate ver eter hot piping system
A three-hinge system can accomy attractive application for large diam niversal) bellows to accept the
equipment. This is a ver consist of single or double (u oversize bellows with
the same plane. have a single bellows and gimbal hardware ced Expansion Jointsand lateral movements. An annular pressure chamber that
also have one bellows, except the overall length is restrained by tie rodssion Joints bal expansion joint hardware operatesangular in In-Line Pressure Balan ession, extension sed to create an
T Expansion Joints Gimbal AG Expan re thrust. The gim odate angular
movements axial compr k the bellows elements and contain the
Tied Single A ce. A two tie rod design can accept piping induced es the area of the flow bellows is udesigned to resist pressu ce. Tie rods are used to lin ment that cannotUNIVERSAL TIED AUT
designed to contain pressure thrust. A tied single is usually designed for lateral offset so that the tie rods can approximately two tim
rust for ansion joints are typically used in straight pipe runs
like the universal joint on a drive shaft to accomm
remain fully engaged and loaded with the pressure thrust for produces a balancing pressure thany plane. ce. In-Line pressure balanced expst resistant) or adjacent to rotating equip
deflection in a single plane. pressure thrust for
n pressure thru
between intermediate anchors (noGIMBAL AG
are similar to the hinged universals except that the two operate with large externally applied loads.y heavy center spool that can exert excessive weight on
xpansion Joints ent is the ability of the expansion joint to
imbaled AUG EUniversal G bal type. The advantage of this arrangem
Sometimes a universal expansion joint has a vero protect the bellows elements from excessive lateral loads, a support system such
expansion joints are gim nd independent angular the bellows elements. T
STEP 5 EXAMPLE
accept large lateral movements a. as a slotted hinge can be installed across the individual bellows elements to support the dead weight of thein a single
movements in any plane center spool. angular movement
have a single bellows with overall length restrained by hinge hardware
T 11Hinged Expansion Joints AH
TIED SINGLE A designed to accommodate pressure thrust. A hinged expansion joint allows 13
plane.
UNIVERSAL GIMBAL AUG
ery low reaction
y large movements with v
A 12” - 150 PSIG expansion joint is
o gimbals and a hinge can accommodate very attractive application for large diameter hot piping systems
A system consisting of tw
loads on the adjacent equipment. This is a ver10 ements are complex and not in a single plane.
even if the mov
12
required to accept 1” of axial compression
and 2.5” of lateral offset. The 150 PSIG
catalog part with 36” of live length has a
catalog rated lateral offset of 3.87” and
catalog rated axial movement of 2.03”.
The example would use up 2.5/3.87 or
65% of the available catalog lateral
Nominal End
movement and 1/2.03 or 49% of the
Pipe Size Style Fittings
available catalog axial movement or 65%
+ 49% = 114% of the rated movement.
That is unacceptable. Going to a 48” live
length the calculation becomes 2.5/5.58
English 24 AUT FF
or 45% of the catalog lateral movement
and 1/2.03 or 49% of the available catalog
axial movement or 45%+ 49% = 94% of Metric
600 m AUT FF
the rated movement. That works because
the total is less than 100%. Therefore, the
number 48 goes in the part number.
STEP
Select the Live Length based on movement capability and/or spring rate. The live MODIFY SPRING RATE
5
length is the distance from the outboard end of one bellows element to the outboard
If spring rate is the limiting design factor,
end of the second bellows element. The length of end fittings are added to this
select the live length that results in a total
dimension to determine the assembly overall length. Selection of live length is an iterative
force that is less than the required amount
process. Working with the movement data for the size and pressure class required, compare the
for lateral and axial movements. Keep in
movements required with the movements available for a given live length. An acceptable design
mind that pressure thrust must be added
satisfies the following equation.
to the axial spring force for a universal
Required Axial Movement + Required Lateral Movement + Required Angular Movement < 1
expansion joint that has axial compression
Catalog Rated Axial Catalog Rated Lateral Catalog Rated Angular
even if limit rods are specified. To calculate
the pressure thrust force, multiply the area
of the bellows times the operating
MODIFY CYCLE LIFE
pressure. The affective area for any design
is located under the pressure class on
The catalog movements are based on a cycle life of 2000 using the Expansion Joint Manufacturer
each page of design data. For the above
Association’s calculation method. If a higher cycle life is required, the available catalog movements
example assuming 48” live length, the
should be reduced by the following amount before the above calculation is performed.
pressure thrust is 150*154 = 23100
Desired Cycle Life 2000 3000 5000 7000 10000
pounds. The axial spring force is 1*2481 =
Catalog Movement Reduction Factor 1 .905 .801 .741 .683
2481 pounds. The lateral offset force is
n– METAL 50MM
TO 100MM
SIZE
End Connectio
2.5*131 = 328 pounds. It is acceptable to
L EXPANS
ION JOINTS ces in the piping
UNIVERSA Style
are devices which produce no pressure thrust fored Flange2" TO 4" SIZE W Weld End F Forg
AL Pressure Balanced Expansion JointsAUT
le lifeis 2000 cycles p
er EJMA 7th edition f
or any one
AUD Universal Tied angular ces in the piping
NSION JO
INTS – MET1. Rated cyc Universal system on the main anchors. In addition to eliminating the pressure thrust, the expansion joint can accept
movementtabulated.ombine axial, lateral movements, refer
to page 54.
interpolate the movements and the spring
(Unrestrained) consist of two bellows separated by a pipe spool. This configurationession and extension
and
MODIFY CYCLE LIFE EXAMPLE
UNIVERSA
L EXPA ED) axial compression, axial extension, lateral and angular movements. The balancing thrust is created by using aaxial comprare devices which produce no pressure thrust for
F CONSTRU
CTION 2. To c
3. Maximum axial ex
tension movement is
50% of tabulated axia
l
E Elbow
MATERIALS O TA30P4.PToLspIeCcifAy aTlt
erIOnatNe belloSw(Cs ONT
INU
balancing bellows. . Tie rods attach the19. value. Universal AU Expansion Jointsmovements, in addition to V Vanstone End
BELLOWS: ASTM A
240
4. To obtain greater m
ovements or cycle life
, contact the factory.
–-– have a single bellows with overall length s are expansion joints which can consist of a single or double bellows in the
large lateralPressure Balanced Expansion Joints ovements. The balancing thrust is created by using aodate pressure thrust. A
AUGmaterial, add to part number. Ref
er to page
5. Catalog pressure r
atings are based upo
namaximum bellow
s
. accommodatesPressure Balanced Elbow system on the main anchors. In addition to eliminating the pressure thrust, the expansion joint can acceptUniverval Gimal
PIPE: ASTM A53/A
106 Hinged Expansion Joints AHATIONS and angular vice, the balancing bellowsLength of end Fitting (mm)OAL , the
-––[]APPLICtem
perature of 800°F. A
ctual operating temp
erature should
in a single planeextension, lateral deflection. These expansion joints have no restraints to resist pressure thrust and like the singles, the 50 lb. Series: ch. 40 AUH obtain assembly
always be specified. ession and m) axial compression, axial extension, lateral and angular mces. HoweverAdd to “LL” to E150 lb. Series: Sch. 40 restrained by hinge hardware designed to accommangular movement(CAxial comprONTINUED) flow section, and a balancing bellows of equal area on the back side of the elbowUniversal Hinged piping designer must provide separate anchoring to handle pressure thrust.Lateral Movement (mce. If the flow bellows compresses in ser
6. If unit is flanged,
see page 16 formax
imum flange pressur
e
/mm) W300 lb. Series: Sch. 40 ratingAs.PPLICATIONS outboard end of the balancing bellows to the outboard end of the flow bellows. Under pressure the tie rodsbalancing bellows. . Tie rods attach thehinged expansion joint allows have one bellows. METRIC ing Rate (Kg LL F
NSI B16.5 R.F.S.O. have a single bellows with overall lengthAxial Lateral Spr s are expansion joints which can consist of a single or double bellows in themovements andFLANGES: ASTM A105/A36/A
516-70
Single Expansion Joints AS7. Maximum test
pressure: 1 1/2xmax
imum working pressu
re.
are loaded with the pressure thrust for50 lb. Series: 150 lb. A . e amount without exposing the adjacent anchors to pressure thrust for
8. Maximum torque v
alues are on page 68. 207 368 25 102 76
150lb. Series: 15
0 lb. ANSI B16.5 R.F.S
.O.
Hinged Expansion Joints AH in a single plane Pressure Balanced Elbow vice, the balancing bellows, theHINGED AHmovement can be accommodated. These expansion joints do not restrain the internal pressure thrust. The extends the sam ession, axial extension, lateralaxial compr99 153 ces. However
300 lb. Series: 30
0 lb. ANSI B16.5R.F.S
.O.
Length of endrates to obtain a live length that falls
(mm) 610 mm LL 914 mm LL 1219 m
m LL 2133 mm
Nominal Axial
restrained by hinge hardware designed to accommodate pressure thrust. A Fitting (In.) angularSizePmovement
ress. flow section, and a balancing bellows of equal area on the back side of the elbow
piping designer must provide the system with separate anchoring and guiding to resist the pressure thrust.have two bellows separated by a pipe spool with overall length(mm) (Kg/Cm
2) (Kg/mm) 305 mm LL
457 mm LL
spring forces associated with bellows movements are imposed on the adjacent equipment. A pressure72 ce. If the flow bellows compresses in ser7645
A 84” live length would be required if the required cycle life were 5000. The catalog
COVERS: Carbon S
teel INGES: Carbon Steel
teel LL” to obtain
assembly OAL 6824 25 102
TIE RODS, GIMBALS
, H ent (In.) Add to “ hinged expansion joint allows E balanced elbow type expansion joint can acceptoutboard end of the balancing bellows to the outboard end of the flow bellows. Under pressure the tie rods
ies Stainless S Where small thermal movements are involved and proper anchoring and guiding is feasible, a single 153
2073 movements and
Lateral Movem WLINERS: 300 Ser Universal Hinged AUH Expansion Jointsbs./In.) movements in 3.5 3.6 0.124 0.0490
.026 0.0110
.006 0.002
very limited angular motion.9972 are loaded with the pressure thrust forAxial expansion joint is the most economical installation. Lateral Spring Rate (L large lateral 45 UNIVERSAL AU ount without exposing the adjacent anchors to pressure thrust for
restrained by hinge hardware designed to contain pressure thrust. A HINGED AH 3 extends the same am contain two
ession, axial extension, lateralaxial compr
(In.) 50 18 7
368 33 102 76
ces.Nominal Axialhinged universal expansion joint accepts .13 14.48 41y low spring for have two bellows separated by a pipe spool with overall lengthEffective 10.5 7 0.242 0.09
6 0.051
0.022 0.012
0.004
99 153
20 06
6.028 72 ied, AUT Expansion Jointsspring for
ces associated with bellows movements are imposed on the adjacent equipment. A pressure.02 0.0
Size Press. 3.9 0.1 Area 44 Universal T 370 68a single plane with ver.84 0.3 3 balanced elbow type expansion joint can accept(In.) (psig) (Lbs./In.) 12” LL
18” LL 24” LL
36” LL 48” LL
84” LL F
0.6 ce. These expansion . A universal expansion joint can be80
Universal Hinged AUH Expansion Joints
between the catalog values. It is not
4 37 cm2 14 73 29
102 95
3 20.96 1.792 1.5 1
3 .13 14.4 movements in 21 12 0.419
0.166 0.088
0.0
bellows separated by a pipe spool and tie rods designed to99 15 very limited angular motion..002 95
50 7 .028 large lateral 72 ces on adjacent equipment. A two tie rod0.2 45199 3.9 6.84 restrained by hinge hardware designed to contain pressure thrust. A 0.7 3 32 contain pressure the pressure thrust for.05 0.027 0.011
0.006 0
ce to minimize for
movements for a 12” – 150 PSIG universal expansion joint with 84” live length are 2.03”
.792 1.2 4 ces.
2” 0.7
1 2.95 hinged universal expansion joint accepts.13 14.48 1 5/16 3.5 .1270joints are generally designed to accommodate lateral movement only153 207
368 29 102
y low spring for 2.5 0 99 y low lateral spring for72 5
Effective 150 14 0.4 45389 3.9
6.028
.84 a single plane with ver1.1 designed to have a ver3 3/4 angular
deflection in a single plane.
Area .75 2 2.1 4.48 4 65
23
0.541 55.7 in.2 9UNIVERSAL HINGED AUHTINED AS.13 1 1 1/8 9.8 0.497
0.197 0.105
0.044 0.024
0.008
design can also accept 53
207 368 38 10
2 9
99 128 Effective 10.5 72
300 3 SINGLE UNRESTRA
necessar
y low reaction loads on the adjacentArea6732 3.9 6.0 0.1.84 0.3.792 0.6 4 3 3/4 54 cm2
1.261 1.53 y large movements with ver.13 14.48 1 1/8 The tie rods are usually at or near ambient temperatures and, therefore, do not expand and contract as aced into the bellows as an axial movement. The bellows design must
50 7140 can accommodate ver3.9 6.028 0.4 function of the temperature of the media within the pipe. As a result, the thermal expansion of the length of.84 1.4
.792 2.5 4 3 3/4 y to specify the number of
4316
21.1 0619.2 0.968 0.3
84 0.205
0.086 0.047
0.015
203 364 30 10
2 114
96 14969 .02 0.0
42 .037035 .09 0 3 30 102 114
0.1730 43 198 3
6
available axial compression, 10.78” available lateral offset. The calculation for 5000 cycles
2.5” 0.8A three-hinge system91 y attractive application for large diameter hot piping systems if the movements are in5
.9 UNIVERSAL HINGED AUH 1/2 pipe between the tie rod end plates is for11 .13 14.48 1 3.5 5.2 0.458 8 1618
Effective 150 equipment. This is a ver28 0.8 y low reaction loads on the adjacent35 accommodate this axial thermal expansion as well as the specified lateral movement.15 10
2114546 3.9 6.028
.84 2.6 18 1713 43Area .692 4.8 44 1/2 80 s if the movements are in consist of single or double (universal) bellows to accept the
0.6the same plane.31 118.3 in.2 2 8 14.35 1 3/16have a single bellows and gimbal hardwarey large movements with vereter hot piping systemEffective 10.5 2
0.801 0.416
0.171 0.093
0.029
24.3 2.1 76 12
4
53300 42 .88 0.3
can accommodate ver inArea and
lateral movements. An oversize bellows with30
10745 .71 3.775 1.1
convolutions because all catalog universal
80 cm2 16In-Line Pressure Balanced Expansion Jointsession, extension s elements and contain the.652 Gimbal AG Expansion Joints2.1 A three-hinge system y attractive application for large diam4 4 1/2
1.381 5 modate angular
movements axial compr
2110 .79 14.31 1 3/16 30piping induced 2.577 0.97
4 0.506
0.208 0.113
0.035
49 203
364 32 102 133
es the area of the flow bellows is used to create an annular pressure chamber that6
1
designed to resist pressure thrust. The gimbal expansion joint hardware operates.627 69950 26 equipment. This is a ver 42 0.045ce. Tie rods are used to link the bellow0.02
4 0.008
294 .475 1.6.413 5.2 38approximately two tim consist of single or double (universal) bellows to accept the.21 0.109 2 353 32 1021
33
.362 like the universal joint on a drive shaft to accom9.6 the same plane.2.4 4 4 1/2 39 19
using the above example would look like: 1/(.801*2.03) + 2.5/(.801*10.78) = .61 + .29 =
3” 0.721 2345 .7511 11/16 have a single bellows and gimbal hardware3.5
705produces a balancing pressure thrust for0.55 861
any plane.876. 59Effective 150 9 also have one bellows, except the overall length is restrained by tie rodsangular 34 ce. In-Line pressure balanced expansion joints are typically used in straight pipe runsin and
lateral movements. An oversize bellows with
1359 11 14 2.08 3.0 6.3 20pressure thrust for In-Line Pressure Balanced Expansion Jointsession, extensionArea .182 T Expansion Joints1.7 Gimbal AG Expansion Joints4 5 1/4 90 modate angular movements axial compr
212.4 in. 0.621 28155Tied Single A 8 14.35 1 1/4 ce. A two tie rod design can accept Effective 10.5 23between intermediate anchors (non pressure thrust resistant) or adjacent to rotating equipment that cannot2.577 0.9
74 0.5060
.208 0.1130
.035 133
48903 44 102
37141piping induced
GIMBAL AG .88 designed to resist pressure thrust. The gimbal expansion joint hardware operates98 ce. Tie rods are used to link the bellows elements and contain the300 0.4 Area 3351678 144 .775 UNIVERSAL TIED AUT.713designed to contain pressure thrust. A tied single is usually designed for lateral offset so that the tie rods can1.4 approximately two times the area of the flow bellows is used to create an annular pressure chamber that
52 2.5 are similar to the hinged universals except that the two
expansion joints are based on the use of 6
20like the universal joint on a drive shaft to accom4 5 1/4 103 cm2 operate with large externally applied loads.
1.5 1.6 6.1 ent is the ability of the expansion joint toremain fully engaged and loaded with the pressure thrust for 2112 .56 13.88 1 1/4 17.7 1.928
0.729 0.379
0.156 0.084
0.026 152
149 203
364 33 102
96 produces a balancing pressure thrust for.0269 .050
50 31 baled AUG Expansion Joints.467 2 any plane
. ce. In-Line pressure balanced expansion joints are typically used in straight pipe runs42 .090
278 .375Universal Gim .333deflection in a single plane. 6.3 30 .220pressure thrust forbal type. The advantage of this arrangem .430.322 1.7 9 203 364 33 102
152
3.5” 0.791 281
13.71 4 5 1/41 3/455 3.5 408.4 1.1 92 14 between intermediate anchors (non pressure thrust resistant) or adjacent to rotating equipment that cannot
.90 or 90% of the available movement. The 84” live length works for a required cycle life
expansion joints are gimovements and independent angular .39 7.46GIMBAL AG 4 0.11
0.04
Effective 150 3661285 144 1.5.3 3.335 4.7 6 24 300 102
152
.97 0.51
0.21 163 48
Area accept large lateral m.312. 8.7 are sim
ilar to the hinged universals except that the two operate with large externally applied loads.
5 4 100ent is the ability of the expansion joint to y heavy center spool that can exert excessive weight on
15.9 in.2 0.771 21movements in any plane41 8 14
.3 1 5/16 Effective 10.5 2.58 0 18 618.1 731
5.88 Area 50 LT. BELLOWS MAT
.
300 108 0.9 29989 Universal Gimbaled AUG Expansion Joints2.8 6 2130 cm 19 ACCESSORIES. A 321
5 2.71
3.77 .2 Sometimes a universal expansion joint has a ver
ALL LENoGTH protect the bellows elements from excessive lateral loads, a support system such C1.17 1.6 135 5
24 expansion joints are gimbal type. The advantage of this arrangem8 14.3 1
convolutions in each bellows element.
5/164ents and independent angular 21 4.45 1.6
8 0.87
0.36 0.19
0.0
31.3 57
50 64 6 2 ENDS the bellows elements. TPRE
SSURE OVER 1523
472 2 5.8 accept6.3large lateral movem. 6 TYLE 0.5NOM I.D. S E11.42 2.51 3.6 12 4
UTEas a slotted hinge can be installed across the individual bellows elements to support the dead weight of the13 in a single4” 0.96 285 movements in any plane1 7/8 PART NUMBER 100mA
150 3.4 EXAMPLE center spool. angular
movement
of 5000. The OAL is 84” + (2*3 3/4”)(end connectors) = 90.5” (see pages 56-57).
Effective 1015 1445 11 have a single bellows with overall length restrained by hinge hardwareArea
1.12 1.98
2.86 4.64
6.42 11.8
202 0.76 UNIVERSAL GIMBAL AUG49
20.1 in. 94 T CCESSORIES
ALT. BELLOWS MAT.321 11
300 49 C y low reaction Hinged Expansion Joints AH17542 TIED SINGLE A60” designed to accommodate pressure thrust. A hinged expansion joint allows
EENDSPRES
SUREOVERALLL
ENGTHA
y large movements with ver 1350 modate ver
NOM I.D. STYL plane.
PART NUMBER AUTE
E1
4 y attractive application for large diameter hot piping systemsEXAMPLE UNIVERSAL GIMBAL AUG
A system consisting of two gimbals and a hinge can accom y low reaction
56 loads on the adjacent equipment. This is a ver odate very large movements with ver
even if the movements are complex and not in a single plane.
12 y attractive application for large diameter hot piping systems
A system consisting of two gimbals and a hinge can accomm
loads on the adjacent equipment. This is a ver10
even if the movements are complex and not in a single plane.
12
54
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