Metal Bellows Correctedn 7/11/00 2:43 PM Page 20
-––
[
HOW TO SPECIFY A
SPECIAL
NOTE
STEP
Identify the style (AS for Single
If a non-standard flange
2
Unrestrained, AH for Hinged, AG
for Gimbal, AT for Tied) using the
rating is required or a
illustrations at the top of each data
non-standard weld end
STEP
thickness is required or if
Expansion joints are specified with
page. (pages 22-53)
1
the fittings are non-
part numbers starting with the
See applications descriptions on
standard materials, those
nominal pipe size. If the part is
pages 10 to 13.
preferences must be
metric, the pipe size should have an “M” suffix
ces in the pipingre thrust for
stated along with the part
so that all units are understood to be Metric
hich produce no pressu
ints are devices w thrust is created by using a
Universal AU E
xpansion Joint
s consistoftwo
bellowsseparated
by a pipe spool.
This configuratio
n
ced Expansion Jo eliminating the pressure thrust, the expansion joint can acceptents. The balancing
–-–
Pressure Balan lar movem
accommodates la
rge lateral move
ments, in additio
n to axial compr
ession and exten
sion and angula
r
system on the m
ain anchors. In addition to
-––
deflection. These
expansion joints
have no restraint
s to resist pressur
e thrust and like
the singles, the
[]APPL
ICATIO
NS ension, lateral and angular
axial compression, axial extension, lateral and angu
(millimeters and Kg/Cm
2
). Go the data page
CONTINUE
D)
re thrust. piping desi
gner must provid
e separate ancho
ring to handle pr
essure thrust.
consist of a single or double bellows in thebalancing bellows. . Tie rods attach the
APPLICATI
ONS (
ion Joints AS ha
ve one bellows. A
xial compression
and ext
have a single bellows with overall lengthgle are expansion joints which can
number.
odate pressure thrust. ASingle Expans . alanced Elbows bellows. Under pressure the tie rods
movementcan b
e accommodated
. These expansion
joints do not rest
rain the internal
pressure thrust. T
he
Hinged Expansion Joints AH in a single plane Pressure B bellows of equal area on the back side of the elbowtboard end of the flow vice, the balancing bellows the
piping designerm
ustprovide the s
ystem with separ
ate anchoring an
d guiding to resis
tthe pressu
restrained by hinge hardware designed to accommangular movem
ent flow section, and a balancing s compresses in ser ,ces. However
Where smallthe
rmal movementsa
re involved and p
roper anchoring
and guiding is fe
asible, a sin
hinged expansion joint allows outboard end of the balancing bellows to the oust for
ce. If the flow bellow
are loaded with the pressure thruithout exposing the adjacent anchors to pressure thrust for, lateral
movements and
that shows the size required. (pages 22-53)
expansion joint i
s the most econo
mical installation
.
HINGED AH UNIVERSAL Aextends the same amount wU
ession, axial extensionaxial compr
in twohave two bellows separated by a pipe spool with overall length spring forces associated with bellows movements are imposed on the adjacent equipment. A pressure
UT Expansion
Jo type expansion joint can acceptints conta
UH Expansion Joints balanced elbowUniversal Tied, A ints
Universal Hinged A are designed to contain pressure thrust. A movements in very limited angular motion.large lateral bellows separated byapipe s
pool and tie rods
designed to
restrained by hinge hardw ces. contain the pressure thrust f
orce. These expan
sion jo
hinged universal expansion joint acceptsith very low spring for are generallydesigned to acc
ommodate latera
l movementonly
. A universalexpa
nsion jointcan b
e designed
a single plane w to have a very low lateralsp
ring force to min
imize forces on a
djacent equipmen
t. Atwotie rod d
esign can
RESTRATINED
AS
SINGLE UN also ac
cept angular defl
ection in a single
plane.
UH The tie
rods are usuallya
tornearambien
ttemperatures and
, therefore, do no
t expand and cont
ractasa
INGED A function of the temper
ature of the med
ia within thepipe
.As a result,the
thermal expansio
n ofthe length of
UNIVERSAL H the adjacent
y low reaction loads on pipe betw
een the tie rod en
d platesis forced
into the bellows
as an axial move
ment. The bellow
s design must
y large movements with ver accom
modate thisaxia
l thermal expans
ion as well asthes
pecified lateral m
ovement.
lication for large diameter hot piping systems if the movements are inA three-hinge system can accommodate very attractive app
equipment. This is a ver imbal hardware consist of single or double (universal) bellows to accept the
the same plane.
ve one bellows, e
xcept the overalll
ength is restrained
by tie rods
have a single bellows and g Expan
sion Joints re chamber that
and lateral movements. An oversize bellows with
pansion Joints In-Line Pressure Balancedession, extension s elements and contain the
Gimbal AG Extwo tie rod design
can accept angu
lar
modate angular
movements in axial compr bellows is used to create an annular pressu
Tied Single AT
Expansion Join
ts also ha
piping induced es the area of the flow notdesigned to resist pressure thrust. The gimbal expansion joint hardware operates ce. Tie rods are used to link the bellowically used in straight pipe runs
designed to cont
ain pressure thru
st.Atied single is
usually designed
for lateraloffset s
o thatthe tie rod
scan
approximately two tim re thrust for joints are typ ent that canlike the universal joint on a drive shaft to accom
remain fully eng
aged and loaded
with the pressure
thrust force. A
produces a balancing pressugle plane. any plane. AUT ce. In-Line pressure balanced expansion
deflection in a sin UNIVERSAL TIEpressure thrust forD
n joint to between intermediate anchors (non pressure thrust resistant) or adjacent to rotating equipmGIMBAL AG
are similar to the hinged universals except that the twof the expansio operate with large externally applied loads.ent is the ability o
G Expansion Jointse advantage of this arrangem
Universal Gimbaled AU
expansion joints are gimbal type. Thl movements and independent angular
accept large latera . t the dead w
eight of the
STEP 5 EXAMPLE
movements in any plane Sometimesauniver
sal expansion joi
nt hasavery hea
vy center spoolt
hat can exertexc
essive weight on
the bellows elem
ents. To protect
the bellowselem
ents from excessiv
e lateral loads, a
supportsystem s
uch
11
TIED SINGLE A
T as a slotted hinge can be
installed across t
he individual bell
owselements to
suppor
centerspool. 13
UNIVERSAL GIMBAL AUG y low reaction
odate very large movements with vert piping systems
A 12” - 150 PSIG expansion joint is
y attractive application for large diameter ho
A system consisting of two gimbals and a hinge can accomment. This is a ver
10 loads on the adjacent equipments are complex and not in a single plane.
even if the movem
12
required to accept 1” of axial
compression and .5” of lateral offset.
The 12 convolution 150 PSIG catalog
part has an allowable lateral offset of
.51”. The example would use up .5/.51
or 98% of the available catalog lateral
movement, leaving almost nothing for Nominal End
the required axial movement. The 16
convolution 150 PSIG catalog part lists
Pipe Size Style Fittings
2.71” of available axial compression and
.91” of available lateral offset. The
example expansion joint would use up English 12 AS WW
1/2.71 or 36% of the catalog axial
movement + .5/.91 or 55% of the
catalog lateral movement or 36% + 55%
= 91% of the total available catalog
Metric 200 m AS WW
movement. The 16-convolution profile
works. Therefore, the number 16 goes
in the part number.
STEP
Select the number of convolutions based on movement capability and/or spring rate.
5
This is a simple iterative process. Utilizing the movement data for the size and pressure
class required, compare the movements required with the movements available for a
MODIFY SPRING RATE
given convolution count. An acceptable design satisfies the following equation.
If spring rate is the limiting design
Required Axial Movement +Required Lateral Movement + Required Angular Movement < 1
factor, select the convolution count
Catalog Rated Axial Catalog Rated Lateral Catalog Rated Angular
that results in a total force that is less
than the required amount for lateral
and axial movements. Keep in mind
MODIFY CYCLE LIFE
that pressure thrust must be added to
the axial spring force for a single
The catalog movements are based on a cycle life of 2000 using the Expansion Joint Manufacturer
expansion joint that has axial
Association’s calculation method. If a higher cycle life is required, the available catalog movements
compression even if limit rods are
should be reduced by the following amount before the above calculation is performed.
specified. To calculate the pressure
thrust force, multiply the area of the
Desired Cycle Life 2000 3000 5000 7000 10000
bellows times the operating pressure.
Catalog Movement Reduction Factor 1 .905 .801 .741 .683
50MMThe affective area for any design is AND
65MM SIZE
– METAL
EXPANSION
JOINTS ces in the piping
SINGLE g a
are devices which produce no pressure thrust for
2" AND 2.5" SIZE
TAL Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints ovements. The balancing thrust is created by usin000 cycles per EJMA 7theditio
n for any non-
located under the pressure class onJOINTS – ME angular ces in the piping1. Rated cycle life is 2
ovement tabulated. system on the main anchors. In addition to eliminating the pressure thrust, the expansion joint can acceptEXPANSION concurrent m
SINGLE TRUCTION axial compression, axial extension, lateral and angular m consist of two bellows separated by a pipe spool. This configuration
ession and extension
and
axial compr2. To combine axial, lateral move
ments, refer to page 2
0, step 5.
are devices which produce no pressure thrust for
IONS (CONT
INUED)
MATERIALS O
F CONS 3. Maximum axialextension move
ment is 50% of tabu
lated axial
balancing bellows. . Tie rods attach the
STM A240TA30P4.PToL
spIeCcifAy aTlternate bello
ws
Universal AU Expansion Jointsmovements, in addition to value.
BELLOWS: A –-– have a single bellows with overall length large lateralPressure Balanced Expansion Jointsodate pressure thrust. A accommodatess are expansion joints which can consist of a single or double bellows in thender pressure the tie rodsFW/VW
MODIFY CYCLE LIFE EXAMPLE
material, add to part
number. Refer to page
19.
4. To obtain greater m
ovements or cycle life
refer to page 20,step
5 or
A53/A106 contaAct tThe fIONSactory
. . and angular system on the main anchors. In addition to eliminating the pressure thrust, the expansion joint can acceptFF/VV
PIPE: ASTM -–– Hinged Expansion Joints AH in a single plane Pressure Balanced Elbowdeflection. These expansion joints have no restraints to resist pressure thrust and like the singles, the vice, the balancing bellows, the[]APPLIC ession and extension, lateral axial compression, axial extension, lateral and angular movements. The balancing thrust is created by using aWW ces. However50 lb. Series: Sch. 40 5. Catalogpressure ratings
are basedupon a m
aximum bellows
ngularrestrained by hinge hardware designed to accommtemperature of 800°F. Actual opera
ting temperature sho
uld always
angular movement150 lb. Series: Sch. 40 Axial compr flow section, and a balancing bellows of equal area on the back side of the elbowpiping designer must provide separate anchoring to handle pressure thrust.Axial Lateral A ce. If the flow bellows compresses in ser
hinged expansion joint allows be specifie
d. have one bellows. ge 16 for maximum flange pre
ssure ratings.
outboard end of the balancing bellows to the outboard end of the flow bellows. Urent balancing bellows.each page of design data. For the. Tie rods attach the300 lb. Series: Sch. 40 APPLICATIONS
(CONTINU
ED)
Non-Concur6. If unit is flanged, see pa METRIChave a single bellows with overall lengthNo. of s are expansion joints which can consist of a single or double bellows in themovements and
FLANGES: ASTM A
105/A36/A516-70
Single Expansion Joints AS Nominal are loaded with the pressure thrust for50 lb. Series: 150 lb. ANS
I B16.5 R.F.S.O.
7. Maximum test pre
ssure: 1 1/2xmaxim
um working pressure
.
.Diameter Pressure Convo- AxialL
ateralAngular Spring
Rate Spring Rate Spring Ra
te OAL Weight
OAL Weight OAL
Weight
150lb. Series: 15
0 lb. ANSI B16.5 R.F.S
.O.
300 lb. ANSHINGED AHI B16.5 R.
F.S.O. movement can be accommodated. These expansion joints do not restrain the internal pressure thrust. The8. Maximum torque values are on
page ____
act factory. Hinged Expansion Joints AH in a single planeextends the same amount without exposing the adjacent anchors to pressure thrust forPressure Balanced Elbowession, axial extension, lateral vice, the balancing bellows
e angular rotation,cont FW/VW axial compr(mm) (Kg/Cm^2) lutio
ns (mm)(mm)(
Deg.) (Kg/mm) (Kg/m
m) (Kg-M/Deg) (mm)
(Kg) (mm)(K
g)(m) (Kg)
, and a balancing bellows of equal area on the back side of the elbow197 3 ces. However, the300lb. Series: *For availabl
piping designer must provide the system with separate anchoring and guiding to resist the pressure thrust.have two bellows separated by a pipe spool with overall lengthFF/VV restrained by hinge hardware designed to accommodate pressure thrust. Aangular
movement4 spring for8.1 1ces associated with bellows movements are imposed on the adjacent equipment. A pressure.3 10.0
11740.111
84 183
5 133 3
165345
16 1 11flow section
65
COVERS: Carbon S
teel WW ce. If the flow bellows compresses in ser
eel ular 5.0 10.0
5 90.05
2
TIE RODS, GIMBAL
S, HINGES: Carbon
Steel
Where small thermal movements are involved and proper anchoring and guiding is feasible, a singlehinged expansion joint allows balanced elbow type expansion joint can acceptoutboard end of the balancing bellows to the outboard end of the flow bellows. Under pressure the tie rodsmovements andAxial LateralAng (In.) (Lbs.) (In.)
(Lbs.)
LINERS: 300Series
Stainless St
Universal Hinged AUH Expansion Joints 1/46 50
8 16.2 4 30.042
48
are loaded with the pressure thrust forNon-Concurrent expansion joint is the most economical installation. ate Spring Rate Spring Rate OAL
Weight OAL W
eightOAL Weight
Lb/Deg) (In.) (Lbs.)movements in very limited angular motion. UNIVERSAL AU
above example assuming 16
1 14
9 1 178
6 229 3
ount without exposing the adjacent anchors to pressure thrust for
No. of large lateral Effective 3.5 12 24.4 11
.3 10.0 10.03 27
Area *3
20 convolutions would be required if the required cycle life were 5000. The
Nominal restrained by hinge hardware designed to contain pressure thrust. A (Deg.) (Lbs/In.)
(Lbs/In.) (In.- HINGED AH extends the same am contain two axial compression, axial extension, lateral
Diameter Pressure Con
vo- Axial LateralA
ngular Spring R
ces.lutions (In.) (In.) 37 cm2 20.1 165 3hinged universal expansion joint accepts have two bellows separated by a pipe spool with overall length16 32.5 ied, AUT Expansion Jointsspring forces associated with bellows movements are imposed on the adjacent equipment. A pressure1145
(In.) y low spring for Universal T 61 97 34
a single plane with ver0.32 0.0
5 10.0 5984
148 97 1/4
2 3 1/4 10
5
18 5 8 1/2
2 4 1/2 11
6 1/2 6
balanced elbow type expansion joint can accept46.0 0.9 10.0
21 1450.211
84 1 83
5 133 3
80.1121 ce. These expansion . A universal expansion joint can be146 51
0.20 10.0 2
99 5
Universal Hinged AUH Expansion Joints 7 movements in bellows separated by a pipe spool and tie rods designed tovery limited angular motion.81 9 4
2” 8
0.64 large lateral ces on adjacent equipment. A two tie rod
restrained by hinge hardware designed to contain pressure thrust. A 50 8
11.9 3.7 10
.0 10 1
contain pressure the pressure thrust for ce to minimize for
Effective 50 10.0
7 50.07
24
ces.
Area hinged universal expansion joint accepts joints are generally designed to accommodate lateral movement onlyy low spring for y low lateral spring for
5.7 in.2 a single plane with ver designed to have a ver angular
convolutions, the pressure thrust is
40412 0.96 0.45 10.0 1
99 154 39
3/4 2 5 3
/4 11 7 3/4
7
5 211
2 7 129
Effective 10.5 112 17.9 8.3 30.07279
1 178 6
22
Area *7 deflection in a single plane.
161.28 0.79
*150 6
37 cm2 5.5 4
1 986
16 24.8 1 500.371
8
130 7 17
14
catalog movements for a 12” – 150 PSIG expansion joint with 20 convolutions
4 0.23 0.04
10.0 116881
01 18 7 1/4
2 3 1/4 10
5 1/4 6
UNIVERSAL HINGED AUHTINED AS design can also accept
SINGLE UNRESTRA410
13 9 8 1/2
24 1/2 11
6 1/2 6
7203 444.6 0.7 7.7
36 2
162y low reaction loads on the adjacent9 8 0.0 18310.18
2161
481
2” 8
0.47 0.1510
.0 58
y large movements with ver2 7
14 The tie rods are usually at or near ambient temperatures and, therefore, do not expand and contract as a
11 50 89
.2 2.9 1 9 0.122
9 1 19ced into the bellows as an axial movement. The bellows design must4
9235 5
Effective 150 12 0.70 0.331
0.0 38930
0 6 9 3/4
2 5 3/4 12
7 3/4 7
5641317 AUH Effective 21 function of the temperature of the media within the pipe. As a result, the thermal expansion of the length ofArea
1* Area 12
13.8 6.4 10
.0 12
60.14 27* 14
5.7 in.2 A three-hinge system can accommodate very attractive application for large diameter hot piping systems if the movements are inUNIVERSAL HINGED pipe between the tie rod end plates is for16 0.97 0.6 37 cm2 1.4
equipment. This is a ver y low reaction loads on the adjacentaccommodate this axial thermal expansion as well as the specified lateral movement.s if the movements are in
150*153 = 22,950 pounds. The axial
7168 416 18.2 1 121
61consist of single or double (universal) bellows to accept the200440.18 0.037.7 2019
13999 32 7
1/4 2 3 7
/8 14 5 1/2
8
8
the same plane. 091750
16 8 1/2 2
5 1/8 15 6 3
/4
y large movements with ver 4 10.6
1.4 10.0 7
760.11184
1 89 6
1374
movements. An oversize bellows with527
are 3.39” available axial compression, 1.42” available lateral offset. The
have a single bellows and gimbal hardware can accommodate ver in .5 10.0 4
9 0.0621
and lateral
2” 8 0
.36 0.1110.0
10
65 8 In21-Line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints.3
5 ession, extension30.04 248 11
Gimbal AG Expansion JointsA three-hinge system y attractive application for large diameter hot piping system axial compr*2Effective 300 modate angular movements12 0.54 0.2510.0 67
3518 11
9 3/4 2 6 3
/8 16 8
9
806341 1
2 11 3
7 5/8 19 9 1
/4 11
Effective 3.5 piping induced 2.3 es the area of the flow bellows is used to create an annular pressure chamber that2 0.06279
2184 92
325
Area designed to resist pressure thrust. The gimbal expansion joint hardware operatesequipment. This is a ver Area 12 31.9
1
* 4 ce. Tie rods are used to link the bellows elements and contain the2 0.45* 5 6 5/89 consist of single or double (universal) bellows to accept the5.7 in.2 approximately two tim ber that
16 0.7 like the universal joint on a drive shaft to accomthe same plane. 54 cm2 21.216 41.3have a single bellows and gimbal hardwareproduces a balancing pressure thrust for
40.42 0.05
10.0 419 42
52 10 7 1/4
3 3 1/2 14
5 3/8 9
any plane. also have one bellows, except the overall length is restrained by tie rodsangular ce. In-Line pressure balanced expansion joints are typically used in straight pipe runsin and
lateral movements. An oversize bellows with
12 pressure thrust formovements In-Line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints0.2110.0 210 531
5 8 1/2 3
4 3/4 1
T Expansion Joints Gimbal AG Expansion Joints modate angular ediate anchors (non pressure thrust resistant) or adjacent to rotating equipment that cannotaxial com
pression, extension
8 0.84
calculation for 5000 cycles using the above example would be:1/(.801*3.39) +
2.5” Tied Single A ce. A two tie rod design can accept between interm piping induced es the area of the flow bellows is used to create an annular pressure chamGIMBAL AG 11 4 7 1/4
19 9 1/8
designed to resist pressure thrust. The gimbal expansion joint hardware operates65 spring for
1 7 168
4
4 7.6 1.0
10.0 15 14
80.22184
1 89 6
1374
7 190.112
16 1 12
3.9 10.0815.3
ce. Tie rods are used to link the bellows elements and contain theUNIVERSAL TIED AUT ce is 1*1861 = 1861 pounds.
Effective 50 12 1.26 0.48
*140 157
3 9 3/4 3
6 15 7 7/8
9
designed to contain pressure thrust. A tied single is usually designed for lateral offset so that the tie rods canEffective approximately two timare similar to the hinged universals except that the twolike the universal joint on a drive shaft to accom10.5 operate with large externally applied loads.Area 2101335 Area 12 22.5 8.7 10.0
10 110.14
248 2 15
2 8 200
5
2326
9 2 184950.11 27
8.3 in.2 .83*remain fully engaged and loaded with the pressure thrust for *7 produces a balancing pressure thrust forany plane. 15.4 ce. In-Line pressure balanced expansion joints are typically used in straight pipe runs16 1.63 0 54 cm2 16 30.0
Universal Gimbaled AUG Expansion Jointsdeflection in a single plane. pressure thrust for6 11
40101785
40.30 0.04
10.0 819 83
04 197 1/4
3 3 1/2 14
5 3/8 9
4 3/4 15 6 5
/8 9
8 1/23
910389 6 18
7 7/8 11
4 5.4 0.7
7.6 292890
.42 184 11
08 9146
5
between intermediate anchors (non pressure thrust resistant) or adjacent to rotating equipment that cannotexpansion joints are gimbal type. The advantage of this arrangement is the ability of the expansion joint to
ovements and independent angular 9 3/44GIMBAL AG 10.0 14 3
60.2121
2.5” 8 accept0.6
0 large lateral m0.15 10.0
40
.466151
3 are similar to the hinged universals except that the two operate with large externally applied loads.
65 y heavy center spool that can exert excessive weight on Effective 150
12 movements in any plane0.89 0.34
10.0 5 Effective
.5/(.801*1.42) = .37 + .44 = .81 or 81% of the available movement. Twenty
Area 12 Area The lateral offset for
7
8 10.9 2.8 79 2 20313 24
1
21 BELLOWSMATERIAL12 16.1 6.2 10.0
19 210.28
248 2 17
111210
6
*14 90
.212
21 ce is .5*2766 =8.3 in.2 Universal Gimbaled AUG Expansion Joints Sometimes a universal expansion joint has a vero protect the bellows elements from excessive lateral loads, a support system such
16 1.18 0.61
*409 259
9 11 4
7 1/4 21 9 1
/8 12
53 cm2 .5 11.1 RESSURE NO. CON
S ACCESSORIESC3
expansion joints are gimbal type. The advantage of this arrangement is the ability of the expansion joint toents and independent angular 4 16 21 the bellows elements. TENDSP 8 238 8 1/2 35 1/2
217
0.5
40.21 0.037
.6 1612 16186
37 7 1/4 3
4 1/4 20 5 3
/4 12
NOM I.D. STYLEaccept large lateral movem. WW1ATas a slotted hinge can be installed across the individual bellows elements to support the dead weight of the
110.0 8062
023 1 16
13 in a single89 1/2 PART NUMBER EXAMPLE 50m
2.5” 80.4
3 0.1 movements in any plane Metric center spool. angular movement
300 have a single bellows with overall length restrained by hinge hardwareEffectiveArea 12 0.63 0.25 10.0
107411992
59 3/4 4
6 3/4 248 1
/4 1
UNIVERSAL GIMBAL AUG T 321 11
8.2 in.2 y low reaction Hinged Expansion Joints AH16 0.85 0.44 *8
06506181
1 4 8
2
TIED SINGLE A 8C s
convolutions works for a required cycle life of 5000. (see pages 22-53)
150 y large movements with ver designed to accommodate pressure thrust. A hinged expansion joint allows 1383 pounds. (see pages 22-53)13NOM I.D. STYLEENDS
PRESSURE NO. CON
SACCESSORIES B
ELLOWSMATERIAL
WTW plane.
PART NUMBER EXAMPLE 2AEnglish y attractive application for large diameter hot piping system
UNIVERSAL GIMBAL AUGA system consisting of two gimbals and a hinge can accommodate ver y low reaction
22 loads on the adjacent equipment. This is a ver y large movements with ver
even if the movements are complex and not in a single plane.
12 y attractive application for large diameter hot piping systems
A system consisting of two gimbals and a hinge can accommodate ver
loads on the adjacent equipment. This is a ver10
even if the movements are complex and not in a single plane.
12
20
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