Network Health Dietitians July 08 Issue 36

polyphenols
CVD risk. The analysis phase includes present the results after the volun- ing resulted in a very wide range in
measurements of the activation of teers have completed the study in content depending on the variety of
platelets before and after consump- the summer of 2008. A summary will apple and processing method. How-
tion of the apple purees in compari- be published on our website which ever, unlike a glass of whole apple
son with aspirin, which is a known can be viewed at http://humanstud- juice, this won’t count as one of your
inhibitor of platelet activation. ies.ifr.ac.uk/ 5-a-day!
Platelets are a component of the
blood and are involved in blood co- Current advice on effectiveness of
References
1. Dauchet, L., et al., Fruit and vegetable consump-
agulation. When platelets become polyphenols
tion and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-anal-
activated in response to injury, they To conclude, while there is grow- ysis of cohort studies. J Nutr, 2006. 136(10): p. 2588-93.
change shape and stick together ing evidence to support an associa-
2. Dewick, P.M., Medicinal Natural Products: A Bio-
synthetic Approach. 1997, Chichester, England: John
(aggregate). Under inﬂ ammatory tion between consuming dietary
Wiley and Sons Ltd.
conditions, such as inside an artery polyphenols and a reduced risk
3. Brat, P., et al., Daily polyphenol intake in France
where vascular disease is present, of CVD, there is still considerable
from fruit and vegetables. J Nutr, 2006. 136(9): p.
2368-73.
reducing the activation of plate- uncertainty in the precise mecha-
4. Marks, S.C., W. Mullen, and A. Crozier, Flavonoid
lets with anti-platelet drugs such as nisms that underlie these health
and hydroxycinnamate proﬁ les of English apple
aspirin improves clinical outcomes. beneﬁ ts. The challenge for the future
ciders. J Agric Food Chem, 2007. 55(21): p. 8723-30.
5. Clifford, M.N., Diet-derived phenols in plasma and
We want to test whether the apple is to undertake longer-term human tissues and their implications for health. Planta Med,
containing higher level of ﬂ avanols intervention studies, such as the
2004. 70(12): p. 1103-14.
has similar effects to aspirin. FLAVO study, coupled with analyses
6. Corder, R., et al., Oenology: red wine procyanidins
and vascular health. Nature, 2006. 444(7119): p. 566.
In addition we are measuring bio- of target tissues to help deﬁ ne public 7. Tribolo, S., et al., Comparative effects of quercetin
markers of cardiovascular disease health messages for the future.
and its predominant human metabolites on adhe-
sion molecule expression in activated human vascu-
risk such as endothelin 1 and C-reac- Apples are a good source of
lar endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 2007.
tive protein (a marker of inﬂ amma- nutrients essential for health as well 8. Baba, S., et al., Plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol
tion) in the blood and fasted lipid as being low in fat and relatively
and oxidized LDL concentrations are altered in
normo- and hypercholesterolemic humans after
proﬁ les. We will also measure the cheap. So the general advice to
intake of different levels of cocoa powder. J Nutr,
concentration of the active metab- consumers is to include the humble
2007. 137(6): p. 1436-41.
olites reaching the circulation and apple as part of your 5-a-day and as
9. O’Kennedy, N., et al., Effects of tomato extract
on platelet function: a double-blinded crossover
being excreted in urine. part of a varied, balanced diet. And
study in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006. 84(3):
in case you were wondering about
p. 561-9.
And the results? the polyphenolics present in cider, a
10. Francis, S.T., et al., The effect of ﬂ avanol-rich
cocoa on the fMRI response to a cognitive task in
The FLAVO study is funded by the recent study analysing the phenolic healthy young people. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,
European Union and we expect to content of apples for cider-mak-
2006. 47 Suppl 2: p. S215-20.
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