Feature 2
fuel specification - nor does it cover
fuel quality testing for the purpose of Fuel Consumption and 2020 2020 2020
proper, and uniform, enforcement of Emissions Baseline Total switch Fuel switch from
the mandatory sulphur limits. There was from HFO HFO to marine
much heated debate at BLG 12 on these to distillate distillate fuel in
issues. coastal sea areas
Certain Scandinavian and European
countries, also supported by the United Total fuel consumption by ships 486 Mt 467 Mt 474 Mt
States, insisted the IMO take ‘legal HFO consumption by ships 382 Mt 0 Mt 137 Mt
control’ of the determination of sulphur Marine distillate fuel consumption by ships 104 Mt 467 Mt 337 Mt
content in ships’ fuels and agree on a
uniform method of compliance with CO
2
emission from ships 1475 Mt 1442 Mt 1453 Mt
the fuel sulphur standards to avoid CO
2
emission by acidic balance of sea water* 30 Mt 6 Mt 15 Mt
numerous - legal and technical - CO
2
emission reduction from the baseline --- 58 Mt 37 Mt
disputes.
The air pollution working group SO
2
emission from ships 21.6 Mt 4.7 Mt 10.8 Mt
drafted a provision on the verification SO
2
emission reduction from the baseline --- 16.9 Mt 10.8 Mt
of sulphur content for inclusion in the SO
2
emission reduction from the baseline (%) 78.2 50.0
revised Annex VI (draft Regulation
18(6)(b)), together with a draft table 2: Estimated co
2
and so
2
emissions.
protocol.
Meanwhile, a number of delegations,
supported by the Friends of the Earth
International, insisted that improved Measure no. Description Existing ships Newbuildings
fuel quality standards should be gain % gain %
developed for inclusion in the revised 1 Main engine efficiency rating 2
Annex. These standards should include 2 Main engine optimisation 2
fuel quality criteria other than those 3 Waste heat recovery 5-10
relating to sulphur content and which 4 Optimise hull shape, incl reduced Cb* 3-10
had ‘sufficient relevance to air quality 5 Optimised propeller 2 3-6
and ship and crew safety to warrant 6 Maintenance of wetted hull surface 2-5 2-5
inclusion’. 7 Improved antifouling paints 2-8 1-2
However, Greece and many others were 8 Twin skeg + twin propeller 5-8
vehemently opposed to the introduction 9a Trim optimisation – large Cb ships 1-2 1-2
of mandatory fuel quality criteria. 9b Trim optimisation – small Cb ships Max 10 Max 10
Many also felt that the IMO should not 10 Misc fuel saving devices 2-6 2-6
interfere with the competence of the
International Standards Organisation table 3: Measures which can be utilised by new and/or existing ships to limit air emissions.
(ISO), but a significant majority did
support the proposition that the MEPC
invite the ISO to develop a draft fuel The scientific group of experts’ terms of emissions, including CO
2
emissions from
quality specification including air quality reference were, in the first instance: both ships and land-based refineries.
and ship safety criteria for subsequent
consideration by the IMO. To review comprehensively the effects on To aid their work, the group split into
the environment, on human health, and four sub-groups:
scientific study on the shipping and petroleum industries
•
Shipping and air emissions (2007
It is widely expected that the findings of of applying any of the proposed fuel figures and 2020 projections) from the
the ad-hoc cross government-industry options to reduce SOx emissions and world fleet’s total fuel consumption
scientific group of experts will once emissions of particulate matter. • Fuel supply and the future availability
again come under scrutiny at MEPC 57 of marine distillates
as it is impossible to predict whether Particulate matter are not covered by • Health and environment impacts
the MEPC will seek to arrive at a final the current Annex VI. In addition, the • Modelling sub-group
decision on the three consolidated group was tasked:
ships’ fuels options through a process of In a nutshell, the group’s overall findings
elimination, or whether it will endeavour To review the consequential impact of highlighted the ship operational and
to develop a hybrid solution. the various fuel options on other harmful other advantages, including health and
The Naval Architect March 2008 43
NA Mar 08 - p39+40+43+45.indd 43 10/03/2008 14:45:51
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