NHD digital edition - issue 37 August 2008

cover story
The addition of nucleotides to
4. Carver, J. D. (1999). Dietary nucleotides: effects on and Yamamoto, S. (1993) The effects of oral RNA and
the immune and gastrointestinal systems. Acta Paediatr intraperitoneal nucleoside-nucleotide administration on
infant formula milk and more recently
Suppl. 88:430, 83–8 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in
to enteral feeds clearly demonstrates
5. Cosgrove, M. (1998). Perinatal and infant nutrition: mice. J. Parenteral Enteral Nutrition 17:2, 148-152
Nucleotides. Nutrition 14 :7, 48– 51 22. Fanslow, W., Kulkarni, A., van Buren, C. and Rudolph,
a consensus in the scientiﬁ c commu- 6. Grimble, G. K. and Westwood, O. M. (2001) Nucleotides F. (1988) Effect of nucleotide restrictions and supplemen-
nity that nucleotides are essential for
as immunomodulators in clinical nutrition. Curr Opin Clin tation on resistance to experimentation murine Canidia-
Nutr Metab Care. 4:1, 57-64. sis. J. Parenteral Enteral Nutrition. 12:1, 49-52
normal functioning of the body. 7. Balmer, S. E., Hanvey, L. S. and Wharton, B. A. (1994) 23. Kulkarni, A. D., Rudolph, F. B. and Van Buren, C. T.
Dietary nucleotides appear to be
Diet and faecal ﬂ ora in the newborn: nucleotides. (1994) The role of dietary sources of nucleotides in im-
Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal mune function: A review. J. Nutr. 124:8, 1442S-1446S.
conditionally essential under condi- Edition 70, F137-F140 24. Uauy, R., Stringel, G., Thomas, R. and Quan, R. (1990).
tions of immunological stress, during
8. Grimble, R.F. (2001). Nutritional modulation of immune Effect of dietary nucleosides on growth and maturation
function. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 60: 3, 389-397 of the developing gut in the rat.
periods of rapid growth or insufﬁ cient 9. Sukumar, P., Loo, A., Magur, E., Nandi, J., Oler, A. and Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 10:4,
intake and for disease or injury to
Levine, R. A. (1997) Dietary supplementation of nucleo- 497-503
tides and arginine promotes healing of small bowel ulcers 25. Bower, R. H., Cerra, F. B., Bershadsky, B., Licari, J. J.,
the gastrointestinal tract. Much of in experimental ulcerative ileitis. Gastroenterology 42: Hoyt, D.B., Jensen, G.L., Van Buren, C. T., Rothkopf, M.
this research has been carried out in
1530-1536. M., Daly, J. M. and Adelsberg, B. R. (1995) Early enteral
10. Palombo, J. D., Bowers, J. L., Clouse, M. E., Mc- administration of a formula (Impact) supplemented with
animals, but there are encouraging Cullough, A., Forse, R. A. and Bistrian, B. R. (1993). Hepatic arginine, nucleotides, and ﬁ sh oil in intensive care unit
results from human trials of enteral
utilization of exogenous nucleotide precursors for patients: results of a multicenter, prospective, random-
restoration of ATP after cold ischemia in rats. Am. J. Clin. ized, clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 23:3, 436-49.
feeds and these should be continued Nutr. 57, 420-7 26. Beale, R. J., Bryg, D. J. and Bihari, D. J. (1999) Immuno-
and expanded to further improve
11. Lerner, A. and Shamir, R. (2000). Nucleotides in Infant nutrition in the critically ill: a systematic review of clinical
Nutrition: A Must or an Option. Israel Medical Association outcome. Critical Care Medicine 27:12, 2799-805
our understanding of the function of
Journal 10: 2, 772-774 27. O’Callaghan, G. and Beale, R. J. (2003) The role of
nucleotides in disease states.
12. Sanchez-Pozo, A. and Gil, A. (2002) Nucleotides as immune-enhancing diets in the management of periop-
semiessential nutritional components. Br. J. Nutr. 87:1S, erative patients. Crit. Care. Resusc. 5:4, 277-83
More research is needed into di-
S135-s137 28. Jones, N. E. and Heyland, D. K. (2008) Pharmaconutri-
etary sources of nucleotides and how
13. Lopez-Navarro, A. T., Bueno, J. D., Gil, A. and Sanchez- tion: a new emerging paradigm. Curr. Opin. in Gastroen-
Pozo, A. (1996) Morphological changes in hepatocytes of terol. 24:2, 215-22
these are metabolised by the human
rats deprived of dietary 29. Tabata, T., Yamasaki, Y. and Ogura, T. (2004) Com-
body. Furthermore, a greater under-
Nucleotides. Br. J. Nutr. 76, 579-589 parison of Chemical Compositions of Maitake (Grifola
14. Maldonado, J., Navarro, J., Narbona, E. and Gil, A. frondosa (Fr.) S. F. Gray) Cultivated on Logs and Sawdust
standing is required of what effects,
(2001). The inﬂ uence of dietary nucleotides on humoral Substrate. Food Sci. Technol. Res. 10:1, 21–24
if any, age, health and disease has
and cell immunity in the neonate and lactating infant. 30. Özo_ul, F., Özo_ul, Y. and Kuley, E. (2007) Nucleotide
Early Human Development 65S, S69–S74 degradation in sardine
upon nucleotide status and nucleo-
15. Dancey, C. P., Attree, E. A. and Brown, K. F. (2006). (sardina pilchardus) stored in different storage condition
tide requirements. This understanding
Nucleotide supplementation: a randomised double-blind at 4°c. Journal of Fisheries Sciences 1:1, 13-19
placebo controlled trial of IntestAidIB in people with Ir- 31. Ferreira, I. M.P.L.V.O., Mendes, I., Gomes, A. M. P.,
may help identify who could speciﬁ -
ritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrition Journal 5, 16 Faria, M. A. and Ferreira, M. A. (2001) The determination
cally beneﬁ t from increased dietary
16. Carver, J. D. and Walker, W. A. (1995). The role of nu- and distribution of nucleotides in dairy products
cleotides in human nutrition. J. Nutr. Biochem. 6:2, 58-72 using HPLC and diode array detection. Food Chemistry
and/or supplemental nucleotides
17. Gil, A., Pita, M., Martinez, A., Molina, J. A. and Sán- 74, 239–244
chez Medina, F. (1986). Effect of dietary nucleotides on 32. Gleeson, M., Nieman, D. C. and Pedersen, B. K. (2004)
and forms an exciting expansion of
the plasma fatty acids in at-term neonates. Hum. Nutr. Exercise, nutrition and immune function. J. Sports Sci. 22:1,
our ever evolving understanding of
Clin. Nutr. 40:3, 185-95 115 - 125
18. Brunser, O., Espinoza, J., Araya, M., Cruchet, S. and 33. Maughan, R. and Gleeson, M. (2004). The biochemi-
nutrition and health. Gil, A. (1994) Effect of dietary nucleotide supplementa- cal basis of sports performance. Oxford University Press.
tion on diarrhoeal disease in infants. Acta Paediatrica 34. Pedersen, B. K., Ostrowski, K., Rohde, T. and Bruun-
83:2, 188-91 sgaard, H. (1998). Nutrition, exercise and the immune
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